Uhlu Lokuhlola Ukuhlolwa Kwemboni: Amasayithi Ayi-10 Okufanele Uwavakashele Abathengi Bethoyizi Lenja

Ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwefekthri okuphelele kubalulekile kubathengi bamathoyizi ezinja ababeka phambili ukuphepha, ikhwalithi, nokuhambisana. Ukuhlola kusiza ukuhlonza izingozi ezingaba khona, kuqinisekise amazinga okukhiqiza, futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi izimboni ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula. Uhlu lokuhlola lusebenza njengomhlahlandlela obalulekile, oluvumela abathengi ukuthi bahlole yonke into yefekthri ngendlela ehlelekile. Le nqubo ayiqinisekisi ukuphepha komkhiqizo kuphela kodwa futhi iqinisa ukwethembana phakathi kwabathengi nabaphakeli. Ngokuhlola ifekthri abathengi bamathoyizi ezinja, amabhizinisi angagcina amazinga ekhwalithi ephezulu kuyilapho enciphisa ubungozi bokusebenza.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Hlola izimboni ngokucophelelaukuqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi aphephile futhi asezingeni elihle.
• Funa iizimvume zokuphephanjenge-ASTM ne-EN71 ukwethemba amathoyizi.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi izitifiketi zingokoqobo ngokubheka amalebula nokucela ubufakazi.
• Gcina izimboni zihlanzekile futhi zicocekile ukuze uzenze ziphephe futhi zisebenze kangcono.
• Buyekeza ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ngokufunda amarekhodi futhi ubuke ukuthi enziwa kanjani.
• Hlola izinto zokwakha ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ziphephile futhi ziqinile ezifuyweni.
• Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukuze uthole izinkinga kusenesikhathi futhi ugcine amathoyizi angashintshi.
• Hlola ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi bayayazi imithetho yokuphepha nezinyathelo zekhwalithi.

Izitifiketi Zokuphepha

Ukubaluleka Kwamazinga Okuphepha

Izitifiketi ezijwayelekile zamathoyizi ezinja (isb, ASTM, EN71)

Izitifiketi zokuphepha zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwamathoyizi ezinja. Izitifiketi ezijwayelekile ezifana ne-ASTM (Inhlangano YaseMelika Yokuhlola Nezinto Zokusebenza) kanye ne-EN71 (I-European Toy Safety Standard) misa amabhentshimakhi okuphepha kwamathoyizi. Lawa mazinga agxile ezicini ezifana nokuqina kwempahla, amazinga obuthi, nokuphepha kwemishini. Isibonelo, izindinganiso ze-ASTM ziqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi awanawo amaphethelo abukhali kanye nezingxenye ezincane ezingase zibe yingozi yokuklinywa. I-EN71, ngakolunye uhlangothi, igcizelela ukuphepha kwamakhemikhali ngokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyingozi njengomthofu nama-phthalates.

Abathengi bezinja zamathoyizi kufanele babeke phambiliimikhiqizo eqinisekisiweukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokudlala. Amathoyizi anamathela kulawa mazinga avame ukufaka imithungo ekwazi ukumelana nokuhlafuna kanye nezinto ezingenabo ubuthi, okunciphisa ingozi yokuphuka nokungenwa lutho. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukaziabahlafunayo abanolaka, njengoba amathoyizi enziwe kabi angaholela ekuminyanisweni noma kwezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ngokukhetha amathoyizi aqinisekisiwe, abathengi bangaqinisekisa inhlalakahle yezilwane ezifuywayo kuyilapho bevikela amakhaya abo ekulimaleni okungaba khona.

Ungabuqinisekisa kanjani ubuqiniso besitifiketi

Ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bezitifiketi zokuphepha kubalulekile kubathengi bamathoyizi ezinja. Qala ngokubheka ilebula yomkhiqizo noma ukupakishwa kwezimpawu zesitifiketi ezifana ne-“ASTM F963″ noma “EN71.” Lawa mamaki akhombisa ukuthobela izindinganiso zokuphepha Abathengi bangaphinda bacele imibhalo kumkhiqizi noma umphakeli ukuze baqinisekise ukuba semthethweni kwesitifiketi nezinhlangano ezigunyaza izitifiketi, njenge-ASTM International noma i-European Committee for Standardization, inikeza isiqinisekiso esengeziwe.

Enye indlela ephumelelayo ihilela ukuhlola imboni abathengi bamathoyizi ezinja. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamabhuku, abathengi kufanele babuze mayelana nezinqubo zokuhlola zefekthri futhi bacele ukufinyelela kumibiko yokuhlola. Izimboni ezibeka phambili ukuphepha zivame ukugcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yokuthobela kwazo izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Leli zinga lokubonisa izinto obala aligcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso besitifiketi kodwa futhi lakha ukwethembana phakathi kwabathengi nabahlinzeki.

Isiza Okufanele Uvakashele: ASTM International (www.astm.org)

Uhlolojikelele lwezinsiza zesayithi

I-ASTM International isebenza njengesisetshenziswa esihamba phambili samazinga okuphepha kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namathoyizi ezinja. Iwebhusayithi inikeza ukufinyelela kumtapo wezincwadi ophelele wamazinga, imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe, nemihlahlandlela yokuhlola. Abathengi bangahlola amazinga athile afana ne-ASTM F963, echaza izidingo zokuphepha zamathoyizi. Ukwengeza, isayithi lihlinzeka ngezinto zokufundisa, ama-webinars, nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ukusiza abasebenzisi baqonde futhi basebenzise lawa mazinga ngempumelelo.

I-ASTM International iphinde ibe namathuluzi okuqinisekisa ubuqiniso besitifiketi. Abasebenzisi bangasesha imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe noma abakhiqizi ngokusebenzisa imininingo egciniwe yesayithi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bathola amathoyizi kubahlinzeki abahloniphekile abathobela imithetho yezokuphepha.

Isetshenziswa kanjani isiza ekucwaningweni kwefekthri

Abathengi bamathoyizi ezinja bangasebenzisa i-ASTM International ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefekthri ukuze bahlole ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Ngaphambi kokuvakashela imboni, abathengi kufanele babuyekeze izindinganiso ezifanele ze-ASTM kuwebhusayithi ukuze bazijwayeze nezidingo ezibalulekile. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, bangabhekisela kulawa mazinga ukuze bahlole izinqubo zokukhiqiza zefekthri nezinto zokwakha.

Izinsiza zesayithi futhi zisiza abathengi ukukhomba ubungozi obungaba khona. Isibonelo, imihlahlandlela ye-ASTM igqamisa izingozi ezivamile njengemiphetho ebukhali noma izinto ezinobuthi. Ngokuqhathanisa le mihlahlandlela nezinqubo zefekthri, abathengi bangakhomba izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto iqinisekisa ukuthi ifekthri ihlangabezana nokulindelwe zokuphepha, ekugcineni okuholela emikhiqizweni yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Imvelo Yokukhiqiza

Inhlanzeko kanye Nenhlangano

Izinkomba ezibalulekile zemboni enakekelwa kahle

Imboni enakekelwa kahle ibonisa ukuzibophezela kwayo kwikhwalithi nokuphepha. Ukuhlanzeka nokuhleleka kuyizinkomba ezibalulekile zamazinga okusebenza kwefekthri. Abathengi kufanele babheke ukuthi ifekthri iyazigcina zihlanzekile yini phansi, izindawo zokusebenza, nezindawo zokugcina. Izinhlelo ezifanele zokulahla imfucuza kanye nezindlela eziphawulwe ngokucacile zabasebenzi nemishini zithuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle. Ukugcinwa okuhleliwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe kuvimbela ukungcoliswa futhi kuqinisekisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezibushelelezi.

Enye inkomba ebalulekile ukuba khona kwamashejuli okulungisa kanye nezinqubo zokuhlanza. Izimboni ezibeka ukuhlanzeka kuqala ngokuvamile ziveza lezi zinhlelo ngokugqamayo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuzinikela kwabo ekugcineni indawo ehlanzekile. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okuzivikela ngabasebenzi, njengamagilavu namamaski, kubonisa ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zokuphepha. Lezi zinqubo ziqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokukhiqiza ihlala iphephile kubo bobabili abasebenzi kanye nemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo.

Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwemboni

Phakathi nohambo lwasembonini, abathengi kufanele babuze imibuzo eqondiwe ukuze bahlole ukuhlanzeka nokuhleleka. Imibuzo efana nokuthi, "Iziphi izinqubo zokuhlanza ezikhona ezindaweni zokukhiqiza?" noma “Ukuhlolwa kwesondlo kwenziwa kangaki?” hlinzeka ngemininingwane ngamazinga okusebenza kwefekthri. Abathengi bangaphinda babuze mayelana nokugcinwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nezimpahla eziqediwe. Isibonelo, "Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zihlala zingangcolisiwe ngesikhathi sokulondoloza?" igqamisa indlela yemboni yokulawula ikhwalithi.

Kuyasiza futhi ukubuza mayelana nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi okuhlobene nenhlanzeko nokuphepha. Imibuzo enjengokuthi, "Yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa abasebenzi abakutholayo ngokugcina izindinganiso zokuhlanzeka?" kuveza ukuzibophezela kwefekthri ekukhuthazeni indawo ehlanzekile nehlelekile. Le mibuzo isiza abathengi ukuthi bahlole ukuthi ngabe i-ifektri yabathengi bezinja zamathoyiziihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ephephile nesezingeni eliphezulu.

Isiza Okufanele Uvakashele: Inhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokumisa (www.iso.org)

Amathuluzi okuhlola izindawo zokukhiqiza

I-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi abalulekile okuhlola izindawo zokukhiqiza. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikeza ukufinyelela kumazinga afana ne-ISO 9001, egxile ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ikhwalithi. Lawa mazinga aveza izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokugcina inhlanzeko, ukuhlela, kanye nokusebenza kahle kukonke. Abathengi bangadawuniloda imihlahlandlela nezinhlu zokuhlola abazozisebenzisa phakathi nokuhlolwa kwefekthri.

I-ISO iphinde ihlinzeke ngezinto zokuqeqesha nezinhlelo zesitifiketi. Lezi zinsiza zisiza abathengi ukuthi baqonde indlela yokuhlola ukuthobelana kwefekthri nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokusebenzisa la mathuluzi, abathengi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ifekthri isebenza ngendlela ehlanzekile nehlelekile, ihlangabezana nezilinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.

Izibonelo zezifundo noma izibonelo ezinikezwe isayithi

Iwebhusayithi ye-ISO inezifundo eziyizimo ezibonisa ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwamazinga ayo. Isibonelo, isifundo esiyisibonelo esisodwa singagqamisa ukuthi imboni iyithuthukise kanjani indawo yayo yokukhiqiza ngokwamukela imihlahlandlela ye-ISO 9001. Lezi zibonelo zinikeza ukuqonda okungokoqobo ngezinzuzo zokulondoloza ukuhlanzeka nokuhleleka. Abathengi bangasebenzisa lezi zifundo njengezilinganiso phakathi nokuhlolwa kwabo.

Ukwengeza, isayithi libonisa izibonelo zezimboni ezizuziweIsitifiketi se-ISO. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthuthuka okubambekayo ekusebenzeni kahle nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ewumphumela wokunamathela kumazinga e-ISO. Ngokufunda lezi zimo, abathengi bangaqonda kangcono ukubaluleka kwendawo yokukhiqiza enakekelwe kahle.

Amasistimu Wokuphatha Ikhwalithi

Ukuhlola Izinqubo Zokulawula Ikhwalithi

I-ISO 9001 namanye amazinga afanelekile

ISO9001iyindinganiso eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke yezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi. Ihlinzeka ngohlaka lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engaguquki nokusebenza kahle. Kubakhiqizi bezinja zamathoyizi, ukunamathela ku-ISO 9001 kukhombisa ukuzibophezela ekuhlangabezaneni nokulindelwe ngamakhasimende kanye nezidingo zokulawula. Leli zinga ligcizelela ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo, ukuphathwa kwezinhlekelele, kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo, konke okubalulekile ekugcineni ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.

Amanye amazinga afanelekile, afana ne-ISO 14001 yokuphathwa kwemvelo kanye ne-ISO 45001 yezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini, ahambisana ne-ISO 9001. Ngokuhlangene, lawa mazinga adala indlela ebanziikhwalithi yokulawula. Izimboni ezisebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zingaphatha kangcono izinsiza, zinciphise ukumosha, futhi ziqinisekise ukuphepha kwabasebenzi. Abathengi abacwaninga imboni yabathengi bamathoyizi ezinja kufanele babeke phambili izindawo ezilandela lezi zindinganiso, njengoba zibonisa ukuzinikela okuqinile kukhwalithi nokuhambisana.

Indlela yokuhlola imibhalo nokusebenzisa

Ukuhlola imibhalo nokusebenzisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhloleni izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi. Abathengi kufanele baqale ngokubuyekeza amamanyuwali ekhwalithi yefekthri, izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza (ama-SOP), namarekhodi ocwaningomabhuku lwangaphakathi. Le mibhalo ihlinzeka ngemininingwane yokuthi ifekthri iziphatha kanjani izinqubo zayo futhi iqinisekisa ukuthobelana namazinga e-ISO. Isibonelo, amarekhodi anemininingwane yokuhlolwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe angaqinisekisa ukuthi ifekthri ibeka phambili ukuphepha nekhwalithi kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ngesikhathi sokucwaningwa kwamabhuku, abathengi kufanele babheke ukuthi lezi zinqubo ezibhaliwe zenziwa kanjani endaweni yokukhiqiza. Izinkomba ezibalulekile zokuqaliswa ngempumelelo zihlanganisaukuhlolwa okuqinile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuqapha izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwangemuva kokukhiqiza. Izisebenzi zokulawula ikhwalithi ezinekhono zidlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo ngokuhlonza amaphutha, njengamaphethelo acijile noma ama-seams abuthaka, angafaka engozini ukuphepha komkhiqizo. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nezihibe zempendulo zithuthukisa futhi ikhono lefekthri lokugcina amazinga aphezulu.

Isiza Okufanele Uvakashele: Inhlangano YaseMelika Yekhwalithi (www.asq.org)

Imihlahlandlela yamasistimu ekhwalithi yokuhlola

I-American Society for Quality (ASQ) inikeza ingcebo yezinsiza zokuhlola amasistimu ekhwalithi. Iwebhusayithi yabo ineziqondiso eziphelele ezichaza izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlola izimboni. Le mihlahlandlela ihlanganisa izihloko ezinjengokuhlolwa kwezinqubo, ukuhlolwa kwabahlinzeki, nokulawulwa kobungozi. Abathengi bangasebenzisa lezi zinsiza ukuze bakhe indlela ehlelekile yocwaningomabhuku lwasefekthri, baqinisekise ukuthi asikho isici esibalulekile esinganakwa.

I-ASQ futhi ihlinzeka ngokufinyelela ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha nezitifiketi zochwepheshe bekhwalithi. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza abathengi ukuthi baqonde imigomo yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi nokuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani ngesikhathi socwaningo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ASQ, abathengi bangahlola ngokuzethemba ukuthi ingabe izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi zefekthri zihambisana namazinga omkhakha.

Izifanekiso zokuhlolwa kwefekthri

Iwebhusayithi ye-ASQ ihlanganisa izifanekiso ezihlukahlukene eziklanyelwe ukwenza lula inqubo yokuhlola yasefekthri. Lezi zifanekiso zihlanganisa izindawo ezibalulekile ezifana namadokhumenti enqubo, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, nokuhlolwa komkhiqizo. Abathengi bangakwazi ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo lezi zifanekiso ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zabo ezithile, okwenza kube lula ukuqoqa nokuhlela okutholwe ekucwaningweni.

Isibonelo, isifanekiso sokuhlola izinqubo zokukhiqiza singase sihlanganise izigaba zokuqapha ukuhlolwa kwempahla eluhlaza, ukuhlola imigqa yokukhiqiza, nokubuyekeza amasheke angemuva kokukhiqiza. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi anjalo kuqinisekisa indlela ehlelekile yokucwaningwa kwamabhuku, kusiza abathengi ukuhlonza amandla nezindawo okufanele bazithuthukise. Leli zinga lemininingwane libalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imboni yabathengi bamathoyizi ezinja ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa Kwempahla

Ukubaluleka Kokuphepha Kwezinto Ezibalulekile

Izinto ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa kumathoyizi ezinja

Amathoyizi ezinja adingaizinto ezihlala isikhathi eside neziphephileukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yezilwane ezifuywayo ngesikhathi sokudlala. Abakhiqizi bavame ukusebenzisa irabha yemvelo, inayiloni ye-ballistic, ne-hemp ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo ezihlukile. Irabha yemvelo inikeza ukuqina okukhethekile futhi imelana nokuqhekeka, okuyenza ilungele ukuhlafunwa. Inayiloni ye-Ballistic yaziwa ngamandla ayo nekhono lokumelana nokudlala okunolaka. I-Hemp inikeza inketho engenawo amakhemikhali, iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezizwelayo ezintweni zokwenziwa.

Ukungabikho kwemithetho yamathoyizi ezilwane ezifuywayo kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha izinto ezingenabo ubuthi. Izinto ezingaphephile zingaholela ezingozini zezempilo, okuhlanganisa izingozi zokuklinywa noma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali. Abathengi kufanele babeke phambili izimboni ezisebenzisa izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu ukukhiqiza amathoyizi ahlangabezana nokulindelwe zokuphepha. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zijabulela isikhathi sokudlala esiphephile nesihehayo kuyilapho zinciphisa ubungozi bezingozi.

Ungahlola kanjani izinto ezinobuthi noma ezingaphephile

Abathengi bangahlola ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuhlola izinto ezingavuthiwe phakathi nokuhlolwa kwefekthri. Ukubuka izimo zesitoreji nokucela ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlonza izingozi ezingaba khona. Izimboni kufanele zinikeze imibhalo enemininingwane, okuhlanganisa namaphepha edatha yokuphepha kwezinto (MSDS), ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungabikho kwamakhemikhali ayingozi. Abathengi kufanele futhi babuze mayelana nemithethonqubo yokuhlola yezinto zokwakha, njengamasheke womthofu, ama-phthalates, noma ezinye izinto ezinobuthi.

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kungaveza izimpawu zekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo ephansi. Isibonelo, irabha eshwabene noma eshintshe umbala ingase ibonise ukungcoliswa noma izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziphansi. Abathengi kufanele futhi bahlole ukuthi ingabe imboni isebenzisa izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside ukuvimbela amathoyizi ukuthi angaqhekeki ngesikhathi sokudlala. Izimboni ezibeka phambili ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthobelana nezindinganiso zomkhakha.

Ithiphu: Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, abathengi kufanele babuze imibuzo efana nokuthi, "Iziphi izinyathelo ezikhona zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo?" noma “Uzihlola kanjani izinto ezinobuthi ezintweni ezingavuthiwe?” Le mibuzo isiza ukukhomba izimboni ezizinikele ekukhiqizeni amathoyizi ezinja aphephile.

Isayithi Okufanele Uvakashele: AmaSpredishithi Edatha Yezokuphepha Okubalulekile (www.msdsonline.com)

Amathuluzi okuhlonza izinto eziphephile

Iwebhusayithi ye-Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) inikeza amathuluzi abalulekile okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Abathengi bangafinyelela ulwazi olunemininingwane mayelana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, amaleveli obuthi, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha zokuphatha zezinto ezihlukahlukene. Isayithi lihlinzeka ngolwazi oluseshekayo oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhombe izinketho eziphephile zokukhiqizwa kwamathoyizi ezinja. Ngokubuyekeza imibhalo ye-MSDS, abathengi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izimboni zisebenzisa izinto ezingenabuthi nezihlala isikhathi eside.

Inkundla iphinde ibe nemihlahlandlela yokuhumusha idatha yokuphepha. Lezi zinsiza zisiza abathengi baqonde imithelela yamakhemikhali athile kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona. Izimboni ezisebenzisa imibhalo ye-MSDS zibonisa ukungafihli nokuzibophezela ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ephephile.

Isetshenziswa kanjani isayithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinto ezibonakalayo

Abathengi bangasebenzisa i-MSDS Online ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefekthri ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngaphambi kokuvakashela imboni, abathengi kufanele babuyekeze izinsiza zesayithi ukuze bazijwayeze ngezinto ezinobuthi ezivamile nezinye izindlela eziphephile. Ngesikhathi sokucwaningwa kwamabhuku, bangacela imibhalo ye-MSDS yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni. Ukuqhathanisa lolu lwazi neziqondiso zesayithi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ifekthri ithobela izindinganiso zokuphepha.

Isayithi futhi lisiza abathengi ukukhomba izimboni ezibeka phambili ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Amafekthri agcina amarekhodi abuyekeziwe e-MSDS futhi alandele izinqubo zokuphatha ezinconyiwe zibonisa indlela esebenzayo yokulawula ikhwalithi. Ngokusebenzisa i-MSDS Online, abathengi bangahlola ngokuzethemba ukuthi imboni yabathengi bamathoyizi ezinja iyahlangabezana yini nokuphepha okulindelwe.

• Irabha Yemvelo: Ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ayiqhekeki, ilungele ukuhlafuna.
• Inayiloni ye-Ballistic: Idume ngamandla nokuphepha kwayo.
• I-Hemp: Iphephile futhi ayinawo amakhemikhali ayingozi.

Izilawuli Zekhwalithi Engaphakathi Kwenqubo

Ukuqapha Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza

Izindawo zokuhlola ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza

Izilawuli zekhwalithi ezisebenzayo ezingaphakathi kwenqubo ziqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi ezinja ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha nokuhlala isikhathi eside kuwo wonke ukukhiqizwa. Izindawo zokuhlola ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza zihlanganisaukuqapha izinga lempahla eluhlaza, ihlola imikhiqizo ecishe iqedwe, futhi iqinisekisa izinqubo zokuhlanganisa zokugcina. Izimboni kufanele zisebenzeamasheke ombala we-spectrophotometricukugcina ukuhambisana kwemibala yokudlala, ukunciphisa imfucuza ebangelwa ukuhlukahluka. Ukwengeza, amasistimu okuxhumana kwedatha yemibala angenza lula ukukhiqizwa okunezidingo eziningi zemibala, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kwemishini namathuluzi nakho kubalulekile. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zihlale zihlanzekile, zisebenza, futhi zingenazo iziphambeko ezingase zibe engozini ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Amafekthri kufanele asungule imithetho elandelwayo ecacile yokuphatha amayunithi enqatshiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe izinto ezinokukhubazeka ekungeneni kwe-supply chain. Ngokubhekana nalezi zindawo zokuhlola, abakhiqizi bangagcina amazinga ekhwalithi ephezulu futhi banciphise ukubambezeleka kokukhiqiza.

Indlela yokubona izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi

Ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi enqubweni yokukhiqiza kuvimbela ukusebenza kabusha okubizayo futhi kuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo. Izimboni kufanele zilandelele ukusebenza kohlelo lonke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze zithole amaphethini ezindabeni zekhwalithi. Lokhu kubonakala kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi basebenzise ukuthuthukiswa okuhlosiwe, okunciphisa amathuba okuba khona kwamaphutha aphindelelayo.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokulawula ikhwalithi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutholweni kwenkinga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, ukuhlola izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokusetshenziswa izinto ezinobuthi noma ukuhlola ama-seams ukuqina kungaveza izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba amathoyizi afike emakethe. Izimboni kufanele futhi ziqaphe ukukhiqizwa kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo, okuhlanganisa ukuphatha impahla eluhlaza kanye nokuhlola okusetshenzwayo. Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza zihambisana namazinga okuphepha kanye nekhwalithi.

Ithiphu: Abathengi abacwaninga imboni yabathengi bamathoyizi ezinja kufanele babuze mayelana nendlela yefekthri ekuhloleni okungaphakathi kwenqubo. Imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ukuqapha kanjani ukuvumelana kombala ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza?" noma “Iziphi izinyathelo ozithathayo ukuze ulungise izinkinga ngesikhathi sangempela?” inganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile.

Isiza Okufanele Uvakashele: Umhlahlandlela Wokucwaninga Kwenqubo Yokukhiqiza (www.iqs.com)

Imihlahlandlela yokuhlolwa okungaphakathi kwenqubo

Umhlahlandlela Wokucwaningwa Kwenqubo Yokukhiqiza unikeza amathuluzi aphelele okwenza ukuhlola okungaphakathi kwenqubo. Inikeza imihlahlandlela enemininingwane yokuhlola amasistimu efekthri, okuhlanganisa inhlangano, okokusebenza, nezilawuli zokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, umhlahlandlela ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi banokuqeqeshwa okufanele kanye nemikhuba yenhlanzeko. Iphinde igqamise isidingo semishini engathinti kabi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi kulula ukuyihlanza.

Umhlahlandlela uhlanganisa izinhlu zokuhlola zokuhlola izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izinto ezisacutshungulwa, namayunithi anqatshiwe. Lezi zinsiza zisiza abathengi ukuthi bahlole ngokuhlelekile ukuthi ingabe ifekthri iyabambelela yini ezenzweni ezihamba phambili. Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, abathengi bangakwazi ukuhlonza izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ifekthri igcina amazinga aphezulu kukho konke ukukhiqiza.

Izibonelo zezilawuli zekhwalithi ezisebenzayo

Umhlahlandlela Wokuhlolwa Kwenqubo Yokukhiqiza futhi uhlanganisa izibonelo zezilawuli zekhwalithi ezisebenzayo. Isibonelo, ikhombisa ukuthi izimboni zisebenzisa kanjani ukuqapha kombala kwe-spectrophotometric ukuze kugcinwe ukufana kwemibala yamathoyizi. Lo mkhuba wehlisa imfucuza futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo eqediwe ihlangabezana nokulindelwe kobuhle. Esinye isibonelo sibandakanya ukusebenzisa izilawuli zokukhiqiza eziqinile ukuze kulandelelwe amayunithi anqatshiwe futhi kuvinjwe izinto ezinokukhubazeka ekufinyeleleni kubathengi.

Umhlahlandlela ugqamisa ukubaluleka kokugcina izindawo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile nezihlelekile. Izimboni ezilandela lezi zinqubo zivame ukuzuza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu futhi zikhiqize imikhiqizo ephephile, ethembeke kakhulu. Abathengi bangasebenzisa lezi zibonelo njengezilinganiso phakathi nocwaningo ukuze bahlole ukuzibophezela kwefekthri kukhwalithi.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezimpahla Eziphelile

Ukuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi Yomkhiqizo

Amaphutha ajwayelekile kumathoyizi ezinja

Kuqedwe ukuhlolwa kwezimpahladlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlonzeni izinkinga ezivamile zamathoyizi ezinja ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele kubathengi. Lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ama-seams abuthakathaka, imiphetho ebukhali, nombala ongahambisani. Imithungo ebuthakathaka ingabangela ukuba amathoyizi ahlukane phakathi ngesikhathi sokudlala, abeke izingozi eziklinayo. Amaphethelo acijile, ngokuvamile abangelwa izinqubo zokubumba ezimbi, angalimaza izilwane ezifuywayo. Umbala ongahambisani, nakuba uyingozi kangako, ungase ubonise izinkinga zokulawula ikhwalithi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Izimboni kufanele zibhekane nalezi zinkinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokwaneliseka kwabanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo.

Abahloli futhi bavame ukuhlonza izinkinga ezinjengokusabalalisa okugxilile okungafanele kumathoyizi aluhlaza noma isisindo esingalingani kumathoyizi okuhlafuna. Lezi zinkinga zingathinta ukusebenza nokuqina kwethoyizi. Izimboni ezibeka kuqala ukuhlolwa okuphelele zinganciphisa lezi zinkinga, ziqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yazo ihlangabezana namazinga okuphepha nekhwalithi.

Indlela yokwenza ukuhlola okuphelele

Ukuhlola okuphelele kuhilela indlela ehlelekile yokuhlola izimpahla eziqediwe. Abahloli kufanele baqale ngokuhlola ngokubona ithoyizi ngalinye ukuze bathole ukukhubazeka okungokomzimba, njengokuqhekeka, izinyembezi, noma ukuguquguquka kombala. Kufanele futhi bahlole ukuqina kwethoyizi ngokufaka ingcindezi kuma-seams namajoyinti. Ngamathoyizi ahlafunwayo, abahloli bangahlola ukumelana nokuguga nokudilika ngokulingisa izenzo zokuhlafuna.

Abahloli kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi amathoyizi ahlangabezana nezimfuneko zedizayini. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola ubukhulu, isisindo, nokwakheka kwezinto. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afana nama-caliper nezikali kuqinisekisa ukunemba. Ukwengeza, abahloli kufanele babuyekeze imibiko yokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa, egqamisa okutholwe ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi kwangaphambilini. Le mibiko ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ezindabeni ezingase zibe khona zokuthobela futhi isize ekuboneni amaphutha avela kaningi.

Ithiphu: Amafekthri asebenzisa ukuhlola okuvamile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokuvamile ahlangabezana namazinga aphansi okukhubazeka ezimpahleni zawo eziqediwe. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto iqinisekisa ukuthi yimikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela efika emakethe.

Isiza Okufanele Uvakashele: EUROLAB (www.intertek.com)

Uhlu lokuhlola lokuhlola umkhiqizo

I-EUR ihlinzeka ngezinhlu zokuhlola eziphelele zokuhlola izimpahla eziqediwe. Lezi zinhla zokuhlola zihlanganisa izici ezibalulekile njengokuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuqotho besakhiwo, nokuhambisana namazinga okuphepha. Abathengi bangasebenzisa lezi zinsiza ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi amafekthri athobela izilinganiso zomkhakha. Isibonelo, izinhlu zokuhlola zihlanganisa izinyathelo zokuhlola ama-seams, ukuhlola imiphetho ebukhali, nokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kombala. Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, abathengi bangahlola ngokuhlelekile ikhwalithi yeamathoyizi ezinja.

I-EUR iphinde inikeze izinhlu zokuhlola eziklanyelwe izigaba ezithile zomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, amathoyizi aluhlaza angase adinge amasheke engeziwe okusabalalisa izinto, kuyilapho amathoyizi okuhlafuna angase adinge ukuhlolwa kokuqina. Lawa mathuluzi akhethekile asiza abathengi ukubhekana nezinselele ezihlukile zokuhlola izinhlobo ezihlukene zamathoyizi ezinja.

Amathuluzi wokubhala imiphumela yokuhlolwa

Iwebhusayithi ye-intertek inamathuluzi okubhala imiphumela yokuhlolwa, okwenza kube lula kubathengi ukulandelela nokuhlaziya idatha. Lawa mathuluzi ahlanganisa izifanekiso zokurekhoda amaphutha, izinkinga zokuthobela imithetho, nezenzo zokulungisa. Abathengi bangenza ngendlela oyifisayo lezi zifanekiso ukuze zihambisane nezidingo zabo ezithile, baqinisekise indlela engaguquki yokuhlola.

Amapulatifomu edijithali anikezwe yi-Intertek avumela abathengi ukuthi bagcine futhi bahlele idatha yokuhlola. Lezi zinkundla zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze imibiko enemininingwane, engabiwa nabahlinzeki ukuze kubhekwane nokukhathazeka kwekhwalithi. Izimboni ezisebenzisa la mathuluzi zibonisa ukuzibophezela ekwenzeni izinto obala kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo. Ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ze-Intertek, abathengi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ifektri yabathengi bamathoyizi ezinja ihlala iletha imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuphepha Komkhiqizo

Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwelebhu zamathoyizi ezinja

Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yeamathoyizi ezinja. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zokuhlola zihlola izici ezihlukene zokuphepha kwamathoyizi. Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali kukhomba izinto eziyingozi ezifana nomthofu, ama-phthalates, ne-BPA, ezingaba yingozi empilweni ezifuywayo. Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngomshini kuhlola ukuqina kwamathoyizi, kuqinisekisa ukuthi angakwazi ukumelana nokuhlafuna nokudlala kabi ngaphandle kokuphuka abe izingcezu eziyingozi. Ukuhlola ukuvutha kunquma ukuthi amathoyizi ayahlangabezana yini namazinga okuphepha okumelana nomlilo, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni ewubukhazikhazi noma eyenziwe ngendwangu.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microbiological kungenye inqubo ebalulekile. Ihlola ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane, okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza noma ukugcinwa. Izimboni ezibeka phambili ukuphepha zivame ukwenza lokhu kuhlola ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yazo ayinazo amagciwane ayingozi. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi imboni yabathengi bamathoyizi ezinja yenza lezi zivivinyo njalo ukuze igcine amazinga aphezulu okuphepha.

Ichazwa kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelebhu

Ukuhumusha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwelebhu kudinga ukuqonda okucacile kwezilinganiso zokuphepha. Abathengi kufanele babuyekeze imibiko yokuhlola ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zithobela izindinganiso zokuphepha zamazwe ngamazwe, njenge-ASTM F963 noma EN71. Imiphumela ngokuvamile ihlanganisa idatha yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, amandla emishini, namanye amapharamitha abalulekile. Isibonelo, umbiko ungase ubonise ukuthi ithoyizi alinawo amazinga atholakalayo omthofu noma ama-phthalates, okuqinisekisa ukuthi liphephile ezifuyweni.

Abathengi kufanele futhi banake noma yimiphi imiphumela ehlatshwe umkhosi. Lokhu kubonisa izindawo lapho umkhiqizo ungase ungahlangabezani nezidingo zokuphepha. Izimboni ezibhekana nezindaba ezihlatshwe umkhosi zikhombisa ngokushesha ukuzibophezela kukhwalithi. Abathengi bangasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze bahlole ukuthi ingabe imboni isebenzisa izenzo zokulungisa ngempumelelo.

Isiza Okufanele Uvakashele: SGS (www.sgs.com)

Uhlolojikelele lwezinsizakalo zokuhlola ezinikezwayo

I-SGS ingumholi womhlaba wonke ekuhloleni, ekuhloleni nasekunikezeni izitifiketi. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikeza imininingwane enemininingwane ngezixazululo zokuhlola ezenzelwe imikhiqizo yezilwane ezifuywayo, okuhlanganisa namathoyizi ezinja. I-SGS inikezela ngokuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali, okomshini, kanye ne-microbiological ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zokuphepha. Amasevisi abo ahlanganisa ukuhlola ubungozi kanye nesitifiketi somkhiqizo, ukusiza abakhiqizi bahlangabezane nezidingo zokulawula.

Isayithi liqukethe izinsiza ezifana namaphepha amhlophe, izifundo zecala, nama-webinars. Lezi zinsiza zisiza abathengi baqonde ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa ngelebhu nokuthi kufaka isandla kanjani ekuphepheni komkhiqizo. Ubuchwepheshe be-SGS buyenza ibe yinsiza ebaluleke kakhulu kubathengi abafuna izinsiza zokuhlola ezinokwethenjelwa.

Ungabambisana kanjani namalebhu ukuze kucwaningwe

Ukusebenzisana namalebhu afana ne-SGS kuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhlolwa kwemboni. Abathengi bangaqala ngokuthinta i-SGS ukuze baxoxe ngezidingo zabo ezithile zokuhlola. Ilebhu inganikeza isiqondiso ekukhetheni izivivinyo ezifanele ngokusekelwe ezintweni zokwakha kanye nomklamo wamathoyizi. I-SGS iphinde inikeze ngezinsizakalo zokuhlola endaweni, evumela abathengi ukuthi bahlanganise ukuhlolwa ngelebhu ekuhlolweni kwefekthri yabo kalula.

Ngesikhathi sokucwaningwa kwamabhuku, abathengi kufanele bacele amadokhumenti emiphumela yokuhlolwa yangaphambilini efekthri. I-SGS ingaqinisekisa le miphumela futhi yenze izivivinyo ezengeziwe uma kudingeka. Lokhu kubambisana kuqinisekisa ukuthi ifektri ithobela izindinganiso zokuphepha futhi ikhiqiza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokusebenzisana ne-SGS, abathengi bangathola ukuzethemba ekuphepheni nasekuthembekeni kwamathoyizi abawathengayo.

Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi

Ukubaluleka Kwabasebenzi Abanamakhono

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi basefekthri

Abasebenzi abanamakhono bawumgogodla wawo wonke umsebenzi wokukhiqiza oyimpumelelo. Izimboni ezikhiqiza amathoyizi ezinja kufanele zitshale imali eningiizinhlelo zokuqeqeshaukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bayawaqonda amaphrothokholi okuphepha, amazinga ekhwalithi, nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezisebenzayo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ingxube yemfundo yasekilasini, ukuqeqeshwa emsebenzini, nezinkundla zokufunda zedijithali. Lezi zindlela zihlinzekela izintandokazi zokufunda ezihlukene futhi zisize abasebenzi ukuthi bagcine ulwazi olubalulekile.

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kufanele zigxile emikhakheni efana nokuphatha impahla, ukusebenza kwemishini, nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Isibonelo, izisebenzi zingazuza kumaseshini okusebenza azifundisa indlela yokubona izinto ezingasebenzi kahle noma ukuhlanganisa amathoyizi ngokunemba. Izimboni ezibeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezisebenzi zivame ukubona ukuthuthuka ekukhiqizeni, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, nokwaneliseka kwabasebenzi.

Lihlolwa kanjani ikhono labasebenzi

Ukuhlola amakhono abasebenzi kubandakanya ukuhlola ulwazi lwabo, amakhono, kanye nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi ngempumelelo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamabhuku emafekthri, abathengi kufanele babheke abasebenzi endaweni yokukhiqiza ukuze bahlole amakhono abo. Izinkomba ezisemqoka zokufaneleka zihlanganisa ukubambelela ezimisweni zokuphepha, ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwezinto zokusebenza, nokunaka imininingwane ngesikhathi somhlangano.

Abathengi bangaphinda babuyekeze amarekhodi okuqeqesha ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi baphothule izinhlelo ezifanele. Amafekthri agcina amarekhodi anemininingwane akhombisa ukuzibophezela ekwenzeni ngcono okuqhubekayo. Ukwengeza, ukwenza izingxoxo nabasebenzi kunganikeza imininingwane ekuqondeni kwabo amazinga ekhwalithi nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Le ndlela isiza abathengi ukuthi banqume ukuthi ifekthri yabathengi bezinja zamathoyizi isebenzisa abasebenzi abanekhono nabaqeqeshwe kahle yini.

Indawo Okufanele Uyivakashele: Imboni Yokuqeqesha (www.trainingindustry.com)

Imihlahlandlela yokuhlola izinhlelo zokuqeqesha

Imboni Yokuqeqesha inikeza ingcebo yezinsiza zokuhlola nokwenza ngcono izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi. Iwebhusayithi yabo inemihlahlandlela echaza izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuklama izinhlelo zokuqeqesha eziphumelelayo. Le mihlahlandlela igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqondanisa izinjongo zokuqeqesha nezinjongo zenhlangano, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bathola amakhono adingekayo ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zokukhiqiza.

Isayithi futhi lihlinzeka ngamathuluzi okuhlola ukusebenza kokuqeqeshwa. Isibonelo, abathengi bangasebenzisa izinhlaka zokuhlola ukukala umthelela wokuqeqeshwa ekusebenzeni nokuzibandakanya kwabasebenzi. Izimboni ezisebenzisa lezi zinsiza zingakha izinhlelo ezithuthukisa ikhono labasebenzi futhi zibe nengxenye empumelelweni yokusebenza iyonke.

Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokuqeqesha eziphumelelayo

Imboni Yokuqeqesha igqamisa izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlelo zokuqeqesha eziyimpumelelo kwezokukhiqiza. Ngokwesibonelo,U-92% wabasebenzi ukholelwa ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa okuhlelwe kahle kuthuthukisa ukusebenzelana, kuyilapho u-94% uzohlala nenkampani enikeza amathuba entuthuko. Lezi zibalo zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokutshala imali ekukhuleni kwabasebenzi.

Isizinda siphinde sikhombise izindlela ezahlukene zokuqeqesha, njengokufunda okuxubile nokuqeqeshwa emsebenzini. Ukufunda okuhlanganisiwe, okusetshenziswa u-27% wamabhizinisi amancane, kuhlanganisa imfundo yasekilasini namathuluzi edijithali ukuze kwakheke indawo yokufunda eguquguqukayo. Ukuqeqeshwa emsebenzini, okuthandwa ngabasebenzi abangama-68%, kuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bathole ulwazi olusebenzayo ngenkathi benza imisebenzi yabo. Izimboni ezamukela lezi zindlela zingakhuthaza abasebenzi abanamakhono nabagqugquzelekile.

Izimboni ezisebenzisa la masu zingathuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi kanye nokukhiqiza, ekugcineni zithuthukise ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yazo.

Amakhono Okuklama

Ukuqamba okusha ku-Dog Toy Design

Ukuhlola amakhono edizayini yefekthri

Amakhono edizayini yefekthri athonya kakhulu ikhwalithi nokukhanga kwamathoyizi ezinja. Abathengi kufanele bahlole ukuthi ingabe imboni ineqembu elizinikele lokuklama elinolwazi ekudaleniimikhiqizo emisha futhi esebenzayo. Izinsiza ezihlonyiswe ngesofthiwe yokuklama ethuthukisiwe namathuluzi okwenza i-prototyping ngokuvamile abonisa umthamo ophezulu wokusungula izinto ezintsha. Lezi zinsiza zinika amandla amafekthri ukuthi ahlole izimo ezihlukile, ukwakheka, nezici ezibhekelela okuthandwayo okuhlukahlukene kwe-canine.

Amafekthri abeka idizayini kuqala ngokuvamile asebenzisane nochwepheshe bokuziphatha kwezilwane ezifuywayo ukuze bakhe amathoyizi abhekana nezidingo ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo,amathoyizi enzelwe ukuvuselela ingqondo noma ukukhululeka kokukhathazekazithole ukuduma ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwazo ekuthuthukiseni inhlalakahle yezinja. Abathengi kufanele futhi bahlole ikhono lefekthri lokufaka impendulo yomthengi kumiklamo yabo. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yokugcina ihlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe futhi ithuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.

Ukubaluleka kwe-prototyping nokuhlola

I-Prototyping nokuhlola kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile enqubweni yokuklama. Ama-prototypes avumela izimboni ukuthi zihlole ukusebenza, ukuqina, nokuphepha kwemiklamo yazo ngaphambi kokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi ifekthri yenza ukuhlola okuqinile ukuze kutholakale amaphutha angenzeka. Isibonelo, ukuhlola amathoyizi ukumelana nokuhlafunwa kanye nokuphepha kwempahla kuqinisekisa ukuthi angakwazi ukumelana nokudlala kabi ngaphandle kokubeka ubungozi ezifuyweni.

Izimboni ezisungulayo zivame ukusebenzisa ama-prototypes ukuhlola izici ezintsha ezithuthukisa ukusebenzelana. Ukufaka imisindo evuselelayo noma ukuthungwa okuhlukile kungenza amathoyizi akhange kakhulu ezinjeni. I-Ethical Products, isibonelo, yethule amathoyizi angagxili ukuze ibhekane nezinkinga zokuqina, kuyilapho u-Fluff & Tuff esebenzisa imithungo ethungwe kabili nendwangu eqinisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphila isikhathi eside. Lezi ntuthuko zigqamisa ukubaluleka kokwenza i-prototyping okuphelele nokuhlola ekuletheni imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Indawo Okufanele Uyivakashele: Umkhandlu Wokuklama (www.designcouncil.org.uk)

Amathuluzi okuhlola izinqubo zokuklama

UMkhandlu Wokuklama unikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile zokuhlola nokwenza ngcono izinqubo zokuklama. Iwebhusayithi yabo ihlinzeka ngezinhlaka nemihlahlandlela esiza amafekthri ahlanganise ubuciko kanye nokusebenza emikhiqizweni yawo. Abathengi bangafinyelela amathuluzi okuhlola amasu okuklama, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokufaka impendulo yomsebenzisi namathrendi emakethe. Lezi zinsiza zinika amandla amafekthri ukuthi aqondanise imiklamo yawo nokulindelwe ngabathengi kuyilapho egcina amazinga aphezulu ekhwalithi.

Isizinda siphinde sigcizelele indima yezinqubo zokuklama esimeme. Izimboni ezamukela lezi zinqubo zinganciphisa imfucuza futhi zenze imikhiqizo eco-friendly, eheha abathengi abaqaphela imvelo. Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi oMkhandlu Wokuklama, abathengi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuklama kwefekthri zifaka isandla kumathoyizi ezinja ahlakaniphile futhi alungele ukumaketha.

Izibonelo zemiklamo eyimpumelelo

UMkhandlu Wokuklama uhlanganisa izifundo eziyisibonelo ezibonisa umthelela wedizayini emisha ekuphumeleleni komkhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo,amathoyizi aklanyelwe ukuvuselela umuzwa wezinja, njengalezo ezinemisindo ehehayo, zibone ukwanda kwentshisekelo yabathengi. Ukuqeda ukugxushana kumathoyizi kubhekane nezikhalazo ezijwayelekile zokuqina, okuholela ekwanelisekeni okuphezulu kwamakhasimende. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi ukuklama okucatshangelwayo kungathuthukisa kanjani kokubili ukusebenza nokukhanga kwemakethe.

Amafekthri agxile ezintweni zokwakha zekhwalithi ephezulu nawo athola impumelelo ebonakalayo. Ukusebenzisa kukaFluff & Tuff kwezindwangu eziqinisiwe kanye nemithungo ehlanganiswe kabili sekusungule idumela lazo lokuqina. Abathengi bangasebenzisa lezi zifundo njengezibonelo ukuze bahlole ukuthi amandla edizayini yefekthri ayahambisana yini nezinqubo ezihamba phambili embonini. Ngokubeka phambili ukusungula izinto ezintsha, izimboni zingakha amathoyizi aletha inani kuzo zombili izilwane ezifuywayo kanye nabanikazi bazo.

Ithiphu: Abathengi kufanele babuze mayelana nenqubo yokuklama yefekthri ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamabhuku. Imibuzo efana nokuthi “Uyihlanganisa kanjani impendulo yomthengi kumiklamo yakho?” noma “Iziphi izindlela zokuhlola ozisebenzisayo kuma-prototypes?” banganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ekuzibophezeleni kwabo ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha.

Imikhuba Yebhizinisi

Ukusebenza Okunesimilo Nokungafihli

Ukubaluleka kwezinqubo zabasebenzi ezinobulungiswa

Izinqubo zabasebenzi ezinobulungiswa zakha isisekelo sokukhiqiza okuqotho. Izimboni ezilandela lezi zinqubo ziqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bathola amaholo afanelekile, izimo zokusebenza eziphephile, namahora afanelekile. Izindinganiso zokuziphatha zokuziphatha futhi ziyakwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwezingane nokusebenza ngempoqo, ezikhuthaza isithunzi nenhlonipho kubo bonke abasebenzi. Ngobaabathengi benja yokudlala, ukuthola okuvela ezimbonini ezibeka kuqala izinqubo zabasebenzi ezinobulungisa kubonisa ukuzibophezela ekuzibophezeleni komphakathi.

Izimboni ezinamathela ezindinganisweni zabasebenzi ezinobulungiswa zivame ukuthola ukwaneliseka okuphezulu kwabasebenzi kanye nokukhiqiza. Abasebenzi abazizwa bebalulekile baneqhaza elingcono lekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle. Abathengi kufanele babeke eqhulwini izimboni ezithobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zabasebenzi, njengalezo ezichazwe yi-International Labour Organization (ILO). Le ndlela ayisekeli nje kuphela imikhuba yokuziphatha kodwa futhi ithuthukisa isithunzi somkhiqizo womthengi.

Ithiphu: Abathengi bangabuza amafekthri mayelana nezinqubomgomo zabo zezemisebenzi futhi bacele imibhalo, njengezinkontileka zezisebenzi noma imibiko yocwaningo, ukuze baqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zabasebenzi ezinobulungisa.

Kuhlolwa kanjani ukubonakala kwefekthri

Ukungafihli emisebenzini yasefekthri kwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwabathengi nabahlinzeki. Amafekthri angafihli abelana ngokukhululekile ngolwazi mayelana nezinqubo zawo, ukuthola, kanye nezinqubo zabasebenzi. Abathengi kufanele bahlole ukuthi ingabe ifekthri ihlinzeka ngemibhalo ecacile, njengamashejuli okukhiqiza, amarekhodi okuthola impahla, nemibiko yokulawula ikhwalithi. Amafekthri agcina amarekhodi anemininingwane akhombisa ukuziphendulela kanye nokuzibophezela ezinkambisweni zokuziphatha.

Ngesikhathi sokucwaningwa kwamabhuku, abathengi kufanele babheke ukuthi ifekthri ixhumana kanjani nabasebenzi bayo nababambiqhaza. Iziteshi zokuxhumana ezivulekile zivame ukukhombisa isiko lokwethembeka nobuqotho. Abathengi bangaphinda bahlole ukuba sobala ngokubuyekeza imibiko yocwaningo lwezinkampani zangaphandle noma izitifiketi. Amafekthri amukela ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle futhi abhekane nempendulo abonisa ngokushesha izinga eliphezulu lokubonisa izinto.

Qaphela: Amafekthri angafihli maningi amathuba okuthi athobele ukuphepha, ikhwalithi, nezindinganiso zokuziphatha, okunciphisa ubungozi kubathengi.

Okufanele Uvakashele Isizinda: I-Ethical Trading Initiative (www.ethicaltrade.org)

Imihlahlandlela yokuhlola izinqubo zokuziphatha

I-Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) inikeza imihlahlandlela ephelele yokuhlola imikhuba yokuziphatha ezimbonini. Lezi zinsiza ziveza izimiso ezibalulekile, njengokuhlonipha amalungelo abasebenzi, ukuqinisekisa izimo zokusebenza eziphephile, kanye nokukhuthaza amaholo afanelekile. Abathengi bangasebenzisa imihlahlandlela ye-ETI ukuthuthukisa indlela ehlelekile yokuhlola izimboni. Imihlahlandlela iphinde ifake izinhlu zokuhlola zokuhlonza imikhuba engalungile, efana nesikhathi esengeziwe esiningi noma izindawo ezingaphephile.

I-ETI igcizelela ukubaluleka kokubambisana phakathi kwabathengi nabaphakeli. Izinsiza zabo zikhuthaza abathengi ukuthi basebenzisane nezimboni ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwesimilo. Ngokulandela imihlahlandlela ye-ETI, abathengi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi amaketango abo okunikezelayo ahambisana namazinga okuziphatha omhlaba.

Amathuluzi okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana

I-ETI inikeza amathuluzi ukusiza abathengi baqaphe futhi baphoqelele ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha. Lawa mathuluzi ahlanganisa izifanekiso zezivumelwano zabahlinzeki, izinhlu zokuhlola zokuhlola, namafomu empendulo yabasebenzi. Abathengi bangasebenzisa lezi zinsiza ukuze babhale imikhuba yasefekthri futhi balandelele ukuqhubeka kwesikhathi. I-ETI iphinde inikeze ngezinsiza zokuqeqesha ukufundisa abahlinzeki ngezidingo zokuziphatha.

Iwebhusayithi inezimo zezifundo ezibonisa ukuqaliswa okuyimpumelelo kwemikhuba yokuziphatha. Isibonelo, isibonelo esisodwa sigqamisa ukuthi imboni ithuthukise kanjani izimo zokusebenza ngokwamukela izincomo ze-ETI. Lezi zibonelo zihlinzeka ngemininingwane esebenzayo kubathengi abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala nokungenzeleli kumaketango wabo wokuhlinzeka.

I-callout: Abathengi abasebenzisa amathuluzi nezinsiza ze-ETI bangakhuthaza ubudlelwano bokuziphatha nabahlinzeki babo, baqinisekise impumelelo yesikhathi eside nokusimama.

Ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwefekthri okuphelele kuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bamathoyizi ezinja babeka phambili ukuphepha, ikhwalithi, nokuhambisana. Izindawo ezingu-10 ezibalulekile kulolu hlu lokuhlola—kusukela ekutholeni izitifiketi zokuphepha kuya ezinkambisweni zebhizinisi ezilungile—zinikeza indlela ehlelekile yokuhlola abahlinzeki. Indawo ngayinye ibhekana nezici ezibalulekile njengokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele, ukuqeqeshwa, nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, ukugqugquzela ubudlelwano obuthembekile.

Abathengi kufanele basebenzise lezi zinsiza ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bagcine ubudlelwano obuqinile nabahlinzeki.

FAQ

Iyini inhloso yokuhlolwa kwefekthri kwabathengi bezinja zamathoyizi?

A ukuhlolwa kwefekthriisiza abathengi ukuthi bahlole ukuphepha, ikhwalithi, nokuhambisana. Iqinisekisa ukuthi ifekthri ithobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, isebenzisa izinto eziphephile, futhi igcina izinqubo zokuziphatha. Le nqubo inciphisa ubungozi futhi yakhe ukwethembana phakathi kwabathengi nabahlinzeki.

Abathengi bangaqinisekisa kanjani izitifiketi zokuphepha zefekthri?

Abathengi bangaqinisekisa izitifiketi ngokubheka amalebula omkhiqizo ukuze bathole amamaki afana ne-ASTM noma i-EN71. Kufanele bacele amadokhumenti efekthri futhi bawabhekise kwamanye amagatsha ezitifiketi ezisemthethweni. Izitifiketi eziyiqiniso ziqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha.

Kungani ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubalulekile phakathi nokuhlolwa kwefekthri?

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto kuqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi ezinja enziwaizinto ezingenabuthi, ezihlala isikhathi eside. Izinto ezingaphephile zingalimaza izilwane ezifuywayo noma zidale izingozi zokuklinywa. Abathengi kufanele babuyekeze AmaSpredishithi Edatha Yokuphepha Okubalulekile (MSDS) futhi bahlole izinto zokusetshenziswa phakathi nokuhlolwa ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha.

Imiphi imibuzo okufanele abathengi bayibuze ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwasefekthri?

Abathengi kufanele babuze mayelana namaphrothokholi okuhlanza, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, nezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi. Izibonelo zifaka:

• “Ukuqinisekisa kanjani ukuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo?”
• "Iziphi izinyathelo ezithathwayo ukuze kuvinjelwe amaphutha?"

  Le mibuzo iveza ukuzibophezela kwefekthri kukhwalithi.

Izilawuli zekhwalithi ezingaphakathi kwenqubo ziwuthuthukisa kanjani umkhiqizo?

Izilawuli zekhwalithi ezingaphakathi kwenqubo zihlonza amaphutha kusenesikhathi, ziqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engaguquki. Izimboni ziqapha izinto ezingavuthiwe, zihlola izimpahla eseziqedwe kancane, futhi zihlole imikhiqizo yokugcina. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto inciphisa ukungcola futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kudlala yiphi indima ekucwaningweni kwamafekthri?

Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bayaziqonda izimiso zokuphepha kanye namazinga ekhwalithi. Abasebenzi abanamakhono bathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Abathengi kufanele babuyekeze amarekhodi okuqeqeshwa futhi babheke abasebenzi ukuze bahlole amakhono ngesikhathi sokucwaninga.

Abathengi bangazihlola kanjani izinqubo zokuziphatha zefekthri?

Abathengi bangahlola izinqubo zokuziphatha ngokubuyekeza izinqubomgomo zabasebenzi, izinkontileka zabasebenzi, nemibiko yokuhlolwa kwenkampani yangaphandle. Amafekthri angafihli abelana ngolwazi ngokukhululekile mayelana namaholo, izimo zokusebenza, nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zabasebenzi.

Kungani kufanele abathengi basebenzise izinsiza ezifana ne-ASTM noma i-ISO ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamabhuku?

Izinsiza ezifana ne-ASTM ne-ISO zinikeza imihlahlandlela, izinhlu zokuhlola, kanye nezifundo zezenzakalo zokuhlola izimboni. Lawa mathuluzi asiza abathengi baqinisekise ukuthobelana nokuphepha, ikhwalithi, nezindinganiso zokuziphatha, okwenza ukucwaninga kusebenze kahle futhi kuthembeke.

Ithiphu: Hlala ulungiselela ngokubuyekeza izindinganiso ezifanele kanye nezinsiza ngaphambi kokwenza ucwaningo lwefekthri.